Tham khảo Nước cứng

  1. ↑ Cotruvo, J. (2018). Drinking Water Quality and Contaminants Guidebook. CRC Press. tr. 131. ISBN 978-1-351-11045-7. 
  2. ↑ “Hard water”. National Groundwater Association. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 6 năm 2019. 
  3. ↑ “Hard water - Definition, Examples, & Facts”. Encyclopedia Britannica. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 23 tháng 6 năm 2020. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 9 năm 2020. 
  4. ↑ American Water Works Association (2003). Water Treatment. Principles and practices of water supply operations series. American Water Works Association. tr. 314. ISBN 978-1-58321-230-1. 
  5. ↑ World Health Organization (2003). “Hardness in Drinking-water, Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (GDWQ)” (PDF). WHO.int. 
  6. 1 2 Water – Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. 15 tháng 6 năm 2000. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. doi:10.1002/14356007.a28_001. 
  7. ↑ Nichols, G. (2013). Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. John Wiley & Sons. tr. 29. ISBN 978-1-118-68777-2. 
  8. ↑ McEachern, R.; Wist, W.; Lehr, J.H. (2009). Water Softening with Potassium Chloride: Process, Health, and Environmental Benefits. John Wiley & Sons. tr. 35-36. ISBN 978-0-470-52904-1. 
  9. 1 2 3 Bộ Khoa học Công nghệ và Môi trường (1996). Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam TCVN 6224:1996 (ISO 6059 : 1984 (E)) – Chất lượng nước - Xác định tổng số canxi và magie - Phương pháp chuẩn độ EDTA – Phụ lục A. tr. 10. 
  10. 1 2 DeZuane, J. (1997). Handbook of Drinking Water Quality. John Wiley & Sons. tr. 32. ISBN 978-0-471-28789-6. 
  11. ↑ Sengupta, P. (2013). “Potential health impacts of hard water”. International journal of preventive medicine 4 (8): 866–875. PMC 3775162. PMID 24049611. 
  12. ↑ McEachern, Wist & Lehr 2009, tr. 41-42
  13. ↑ “Precipitation Softening”. SUEZ Handbook of Industrial Water Treatment. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 6 tháng 9 năm 2020. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 9 năm 2020. 
  14. 1 2 McEachern, Wist & Lehr 2009, tr. 42
  15. ↑ McEachern, Wist & Lehr 2009, tr. 37
  16. ↑ Taggart, C. (2014). Her Ladyship's Guide to Running One's Home. Pavilion Books. tr. 40. ISBN 978-1-909881-13-6. 
  17. ↑ “The Sacred Heart Review, Volume 4, Number 19 - 4 October 1890”. Boston College Newspapers. 4 tháng 10 năm 1890. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 9 năm 2020.  Trích: "Peas and beans cooked in hard water, containing lime or gypsum, will not boil tender, because these substances harden vegetable caseine. Many vegetables, as onions, boil nearly tasteless in soft water, because all the flavor is boiled out."
  18. ↑ Chiang, Jack C. (1970). “Effects of Water Hardness on Processed Quality of Carrots, Sweet Cherries, and Apricots – Master's Degree Thesis”. Utah State University. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. tr. 29-30. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 9 năm 2020. 
  19. ↑ Newcombe, G.; Dixon, D. (2006). Interface Science in Drinking Water Treatment: Theory and Applications. ISSN. Elsevier. tr. 257. ISBN 978-0-08-053051-2. 
  20. ↑ American Water Works Association (2003). Water Quality. Principles and practices of water supply operations series. American Water Works Association. tr. 125. ISBN 978-1-58321-232-5. 
  21. 1 2 Amjad, Z. (2010). The Science and Technology of Industrial Water Treatment. CRC Press. tr. 310. ISBN 978-1-4200-7145-0. 
  22. ↑ Durand, W.F. (2015). Practical Marine Engineering. Europäischer Hochschulverlag. tr. 318. ISBN 978-3-95427-437-6. 
  23. ↑ DeZuane 1997, tr. 34
  24. ↑ Sengupta 2013 "Hard water has no known adverse health effect, WHO says at its Geneva Conference. In addition, hard water, particularly very hard water, could provide an important supplementary contribution to total calcium and magnesium intake. The health effects of hard water are mainly due to the effects of the salts dissolved in it, primarily calcium and magnesium."
  25. ↑ World Health Organization 2003, tr. 2
  26. ↑ Sengupta 2013 "Some studies suggest there was a significant protective effect of calcium intake from drinking water on the risk of gastric cancer."
  27. ↑ World Health Organization 2003, tr. 3
  28. 1 2 World Health Organization 2003, tr. 4
  29. ↑ Cotruvo 2018, tr. 131 Trích: "(...) If there is a benefit, it is associated specifically with the magnesium content the hardness per se."
  30. ↑ Sengupta 2013 "One of the strongest epidemiological evidences of significant protective effect of magnesium intake from the drinking water was that gave for the risk for esophageal cancer and ovarian cancer."
    "Hypomagnesaemia is a common feature in subjects with type-2 diabetes (...) Recent evidence suggests that sub-clinical magnesium deficiency may precipitate a diabetic state."
  31. ↑ František Kožíšek Health significance of drinking water calcium and magnesium Lưu trữ 2013-04-18 tại Wayback Machine, 2003
  32. 1 2 McEachern, Wist & Lehr 2009, tr. 43
  33. 1 2 McEachern, Wist & Lehr 2009, tr. 44
  34. ↑ Betz Laboratories Inc. (1980). Betz Handbook of Industrial Water Conditioning – 8th Edition. Betz. tr. 52. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 20 tháng 6 năm 2012. 
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 “Chapter 08- Ion Exchange, Water Demineralization & Resin Testing”. SUEZ Handbook of Industrial Water Treatment. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 6 tháng 9 năm 2020. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 9 năm 2020. 
  36. ↑ Applebaum, S.B. (2013). Demineralization by Ion Exchange: In Water Treatment and Chemical Processing of Other Liquids. Elsevier. tr. 43. ISBN 978-1-4832-5842-3. 
  37. ↑ Dyer, A. (2013). “Ion Exchange”. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-409547-2. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.04402-4. 
  38. ↑ McEachern, Wist & Lehr 2009, tr. 47
  39. 1 2 3 Spellman, F.R. (2008). Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis. tr. 437. ISBN 978-1-4200-7530-4. 
  40. 1 2 American Water Works Association 2003, tr. 318Lỗi harv: nhiều mục tiêu (2×): CITEREFAmerican_Water_Works_Association2003 (trợ giúp)
  41. ↑ American Water Works Association 2003, tr. 322Lỗi harv: nhiều mục tiêu (2×): CITEREFAmerican_Water_Works_Association2003 (trợ giúp)
  42. ↑ Amjad 2010, tr. 263
  43. ↑ Kucera, J. (2015). Reverse Osmosis: Industrial Processes and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. tr. 202. ISBN 978-1-119-14576-9. 
  44. 1 2 McEachern, Wist & Lehr 2009, tr. 48
  45. ↑ Spellman, F.R. (2015). Reverse Osmosis: A Guide for the Nonengineering Professional. CRC Press. tr. 290. ISBN 978-1-4987-2753-2. 
  46. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (4 tháng 8 năm 2020). “Technical Information on Home Water Treatment Technologies - Home Water Treatment - Drinking Water - Healthy Water”. CDC.gov. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 6 tháng 9 năm 2020. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 9 năm 2020. 
  47. ↑ McEachern, Wist & Lehr 2009, tr. 49
  48. ↑ Holman, J.S.; Stone, P. (2001). Chemistry. Nelson Science Series. Nelson Thornes Limited. tr. 175. ISBN 978-0-7487-6239-2. 
  49. ↑ United States Environmental Protection Agency (2015). “Method 130.1: Hardness, Total (mg/L as CaCO3) (Colorimetric, Automated EDTA) by Spectrophotometer” (PDF). EPA.gov. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 9 năm 2020. 
  50. ↑ Ansell, R.O. (2005). “ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES – Water Applications”. Encyclopedia of Analytical Science. Elsevier. tr. 540–545. ISBN 978-0-12-369397-6. doi:10.1016/b0-12-369397-7/00298-3. 
  51. ↑ USGS - U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Quality. “USGS Water-Quality Information: Water Hardness and Alkalinity”. usgs.gov. 
  52. ↑ Tucker, J.W. (1998). Marine Fish Culture. Springer US. tr. 71. ISBN 978-0-412-07151-5. 
  53. ↑ Cục Y tế dự phòng và Môi trường – Bộ Y tế (2009). QCVN 02:2009/BYT Quy chuẩn Kỹ thuật Quốc gia về chất lượng nước sinh hoạt (PDF). tr. 3. 
  54. 1 2 3 McTigue, N.E.; Symons, J.M. biên tập (2011). The Water Dictionary: A Comprehensive Reference of Water Terminology. American Water Works Association. tr. 333. ISBN 978-1-61300-101-1. 
  55. ↑ Reid, Robert N. (2003). Water Quality Systems: Guide For Facility Managers. CRC Press. tr. 66. ISBN 978-0-8247-4010-8. 
  56. ↑ DeMartini, F. (1938). “CORROSION AND THE LANGELIER CALCIUM CARBONATE SATURATION INDEX”. Journal (American Water Works Association) 30 (1): 85–111. JSTOR 41231947. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 9 năm 2020. 
  57. ↑ Borch, M.A.; Smith, S.A.; Noble, L.N. (1993). Evaluation and Restoration of Water Supply Wells. Subject Area : Water Resources. AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association. tr. 91. ISBN 978-0-89867-659-4. 
  58. ↑ Roberge, P.R. (1999). Handbook of Corrosion Engineering. McGraw-Hill handbooks. Mcgraw-hill. tr. 106. ISBN 978-0-07-076516-0. 
  59. 1 2 Roberge, P.R.; Revie, R.W. (2007). Corrosion Inspection and Monitoring. Wiley Series in Corrosion. Wiley. tr. 373. ISBN 978-0-470-09975-9. 
  60. ↑ Roberge & Revie 2007, tr. 374
  61. 1 2 Borch, Smith & Noble 1993, tr. 94
  62. ↑ Roberge 1999, tr. 107
  63. ↑ McTigue & Symons 2011, tr. 525
  64. ↑ Reid 2003, tr. 72
  65. 1 2 Borch, Smith & Noble 1993, tr. 95
  66. ↑ Ryznar, J.W.; Langelier, W. F. (tháng 4 năm 1944). “A New Index for Determining Amount of Calcium Carbonate Scale Formed by a Water”. Journal of the American Water Works Association 36 (4): 472–486. JSTOR 23345279. doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1944.tb20016.x. 
  67. 1 2 Alsaqqar, Awatif S.; Khudair, Basim H.; Ali, Sura Kareem (2014). “Evaluating Water Stability Indices from Water Treatment Plants in Baghdad City”. Journal of Water Resource and Protection (Scientific Research Publishing, Inc,) 06 (14): 1348. ISSN 1945-3094. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2014.614124. 
  68. 1 2 Roberge 1999, tr. 108
  69. 1 2 Roberge 1999, tr. 109
  70. ↑ García-Ávila, F.; Ramos- Fernández, L.; Pauta, D.; Quezada, D. (2018). “Evaluation of water quality and stability in the drinking water distribution network in the Azogues city, Ecuador” (PDF). Data in Brief (Elsevier BV) 18: 111–123. ISSN 2352-3409. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2018.03.007. 
  71. ↑ Larson, T.E.; Skold, R.V. (1958). “Laboratory Studies Relating Mineral Quality of Water to Corrosion of Steel and Cast Iron” (PDF). doi:10.5006/0010-9312-14.6.43. 
  72. ↑ Stiff, Jr., H.A., Davis, L.E. (1952). A Method For Predicting The Tendency of Oil Field Water to Deposit Calcium Carbonate, Pet. Trans. AIME 195;213.
  73. ↑ Oddo J.E. and Tomson M.B. (1992). Scale Control, Prediction and Treatment or How Companies Evaluatea Scaling Problem and What They Do Wrong. [Corrosion 92, paper 34]. Houston, TX,NACE International.
  74. ↑ Roberge 1999, tr. 110

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WikiPedia: Nước cứng http://www.aquasafecanada.com/mirror/hardness/hard... http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/retrieve/91216/docume... //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775162 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24049611 http://water.usgs.gov/owq/hardness-alkalinity.html http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/che... //dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a28_001 //dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1551-8833.1944.tb20016.x //dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fb0-12-369397-7%2F00298-3 //dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-409547-2.04402-4